تأثیر نرخ سرمایش بر سختی و ماشین‌کاری در فرآیند ساخت افزایشی قوسی با تغذیه سیم فولاد کم‌کربن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

محمد عبادی تولایی

کیانا ارتش یار

مهدی مظلوم فارسی باف

فرهاد کلاهان

صادق الهامی

گروه مهندسی مکانیک، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، خراسان رضوی، ایران

10.22067/jacsm.2026.93580.1329

چکیده

فرآیند ساخت افزایشی قوسی با سیم (WAAM) در حالت گاز فعال فلزی (MAG)، به‌عنوان روشی مؤثر برای تولید قطعات فلزی بزرگ‌مقیاس، مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. در این پژوهش، دیواره‌هایی از جنس فولاد ST37 با استفاده از سیم ER70S-6 و در بازه ولتاژV 20 –22 و سرعت حرکتmm/min 100–200 تولید شدند. بررسی‌ها نشان داد که سختی از لبه‌ها ( HV 213.5) به سمت مرکز ( HV 137.4) کاهش می‌یابد. این گرادیان ناشی از تفاوت نرخ سرمایش در نواحی مختلف است؛ سرمایش سریع در لبه‌ها منجر به ساختار ریزدانه و سرمایش کند در مرکز موجب دانه‌های درشت‌تر شد. ریزساختار نهایی شامل فریت و پرلیت در محدوده هایپویوتکتوئیدی بود. با وجود تخلخل اندک، استحکام تسلیم دیواره‌ها به 490 مگاپاسکال رسید که از فلز پایه (400 MPa) بیشتر بود. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که ناهمگنی سختی می‌تواند بر رفتار ماشین‌کاری تأثیرگذار باشد، به‌ویژه در انتخاب ابزار و تنظیم پارامترهای برش برای دستیابی به کیفیت سطح مطلوب و عمر ابزار بیشتر. تحلیل دقیق‌تر این توزیع برای بهبود فرآیندهای پس‌پردازش ضروری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ساخت افزایشی قوسی با سیم

توزیع سختی

تحلیل ریزساختاری و مکانیکی

آلیاژ فولاد کم‌کربن

سیم پرکننده ER70S-6

موضوعات

• طراحی و ساخت

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عنوان مقاله English

Influence of Cooling Rate on Hardness and Machinability in Low-Carbon Steel WAAM

نویسندگان English

Mohammad Ebadi Tavallaei

Kiana Arteshyar

Mahdi Mazloom Farsibaf

Farhad kolahan

Sadegh Elhami

Mechanical Engineering Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan, Iran.

چکیده English

Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM), especially in its Metal Active Gas (MAG) form, has emerged as a promising technique for fabricating large and complex metal components. In this study, walls were built on ST37 steel substrates using ER70S-6 filler wire, with voltage and travel speed varied between 20–22 V and 100–200 mm/min, respectively. Hardness measurements revealed a gradient from 213.5 HV at the edges to 137.4 HV at the center, attributed to differing cooling rates. Rapid edge cooling led to fine-grained microstructures, while slower cooling in the center resulted in coarser grains. Optical microscopy confirmed a hypoeutectoid microstructure of ferrite and pearlite. Despite minor porosity, the produced walls showed a yield strength of 490 MPa—significantly higher than the 400 MPa of the base metal. These findings demonstrate the mechanical effectiveness of the WAAM-MAG process. However, the non-uniform hardness can impact machining performance, making tool selection and parameter optimization essential. Accurate assessment of hardness gradients is crucial for improving post-processing and achieving consistent component quality.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

Hardness Distribution

Microstructural and Mechanical Analysis

Low-carbon steel alloy

ER70S-6 wire filler

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