خنک‌کاری مجموعه باتری‌های لیتیوم-یون بااستفاده از نانوسیال توسط چاه حرارتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

اکرم جهانبخشی ¹

افشین احمدی ندوشن ¹

مرتضی بیاره ²

¹ دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران

² دانشکده فنی و مهندسی،دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران

10.22067/jacsm.2022.74025.1075

چکیده

در پژوهش حاضر خنک­کاری مجموعه­ای از باتری‌های لیتیوم- یون (انباره)، توسط چاه حرارتی (heat sink) میکروکانالی دارای میکرولوله­های موجی‌شکل به‌همراه نانوسیال نقره- (آب- اتیلن گلیکول50%) بررسی شده‌است. برای حل معادلات و کوپل میدان سرعت و فشار، از نرم­افزار انسیس- فلوئنت و روش سیمپل (Simple) استفاده شده‌است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد، این سیستم می­تواند دمای انبارۀ لیتیوم- یون را بین 295 تا 305 درجۀ کلوین حفظ کند و در تمام غلظت­های مطالعه‌شده، ماکزیمم اختلاف دمایی در سطح انباره، به‌ترتیب 5 و 7 درجۀ کلوین است. هم‌چنین مشخص شد که افزایش غلظت نانوسیال دمای یکنواخت­تری را برای انباره فراهم می­آورد و در رینولدزهای بالاتر، اگرچه توزیع دما یکنواخت­تر است اما افزایش غلظت نانوسیال اثر محسوسی ندارد، مثلا ًدر 300Re = با افزایش غلظت از صفر تا 1%، بهبود یکنواختی دمای سطح 5/4% است. از طرفی افزایش عدد رینولدز بر قدرت پمپاژ سیال خنک­کننده تأثیر منفی دارد. هم‌چنین نرخ تولید آنتروپی حرارتی و اصطکاکی با افزایش کسر حجمی نانوذرات کاهش می‌یابد به‌طوری‌که در غلظت 1% میزان کاهش آنتروپی اصطکاکی نسبت‌به سیال خالص برابر 9% است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

خنک‌کاری

باتری‌های لیتیوم- یون

چاه حرارتی

موجی‌شکل

میکروکانال

میکرولوله

نانوسیال

موضوعات

• انتقال حرارت

---

عنوان مقاله English

Cooling of lithium-ion battery assemblies using nanofluids by heat sink

نویسندگان English

Akram Jahanbakhshi ¹

Afshin Ahmadi Nadooshan ¹

Morteza Bayareh ²

¹ Engineering Faculty- Shahrekord University,- Shahrekord - Iran

² Shahrekord University

چکیده English

In the present study, the cooling of a pack of lithium-ion batteries in micro-channel heatsink with wavy microtubes was investigated in the presence of silver/water-ethylene glycol (50:50) nanofluid. ANSYS FLUENT software and SIMPLE method are used to solve the equations and coupling of velocity and pressure fields. The results show that this system can maintain the lithium-ion temperature between 295 and 305 K. At all studied concentrations, the maximum temperature difference at the surface is 5 and 7 K, respectively. It is also found that increasing the nanofluid concentration provides a more uniform temperature. At higher Reynolds numbers, although the temperature distribution is more uniform, increasing the nanofluid concentration has no significant effect. For example, at Re = 300, the improvement of surface temperature uniformity is 4.5% with increasing the concentration from zero to 1%. On the other hand, an increment in the Reynolds number has a negative effect on the pumping power of the coolant. Also, the rate of thermal and frictional entropy generation decreases with the volume fraction of nanoparticles, so that at a concentration of 1%, the rate of reduction of frictional entropy relative to pure fluid is 9%.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Lithium-ion battery cooling

heat sink

microchannel

microtube

nanofluid

مراجع

1. Liu, X., Chen, Z., Zhang, C., Wu, J., "A Novel Temperature-Compensated Model for Power Li-Ion Batteries with Dual-Particle-Filter State of Charge Estimation", Applied Energy, Vol. 123, pp. 263-272, (2014).
2. Ebrahimi, KM., "Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles", CRC press, (2018).
3. Crawford, AJ., Huang, Q., Kintner-Meyer, MC., Zhang, JG., Reed, DM., Sprenkle, VL., Viswanathan, VV., Choi, D.,"Lifecycle Comparison of Selected Li-Ion Battery Chemistries Under Grid and Electric Vehicle Duty Cycle Combinations", Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 380, pp. 185-193, 15 March, (2018),
4. Liu, D., Xie, W., Liao, H., Peng, Y., "An Integrated Probabilistic Approach to Lithium-Ion Battery Remaining Useful Life Estimation", IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, Vol. 64, No. 3, pp. 660- 670, March (2015).
5. Wang, T., Tseng, KJ., Zhao, J., "Development of Efficient Air-Cooling Strategies for Lithium-Ion Battery Module Based on Empirical Heat Source Model", Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 90, pp. 521-529, (2015).
6. Zhang, T., Gao, Q., Wang, G., Gu, Y., Wang, Y., Bao, W., Zhang, D., "Investigation on the Promotion of Temperature Uniformity for the Designed Battery Pack with Liquid Flow in Cooling Process", Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 116, pp. 655-662, (2017).
7. Zhao, R., Gu, J., Liu, J., "An Experimental Study of Heat Pipe Thermal Management System with Wet Cooling Method for Lithium Ion Batteries", Journal of power sources, Vol. 273, pp. 1089-1097, (2015).
8. Coleman, B., Ostanek, J., Heinzel, J., "Reducing Cell-to-Cell Spacing for Large-Format Lithium Ion Battery Modules with Aluminum or PCM Heat Sinks Under Failure Conditions", Applied energy, Vol. 180, pp. 14-26, 15 October, (2016).
9. Tuckerman, DB., Pease, RF., "High-Performance Heat Sinking for VLSI", IEEE Electron device letters. Vol. 2, No. 5, pp. 126-129, (1981).
10. Rao, Z., Wang, S., "A Review of Power Battery Thermal Energy Management", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. Vol. 15, No. 9, pp. 4554-4571, (2011).
11. Liang, J., Gan, Y., Li, Y., "Investigation on the Thermal Performance of a Battery Thermal Management System Using Heat Pipe Under Different Ambient Temperatures", Energy conversion and management, Vol. 155, pp. 1-9, (2018).
12. Mashayekhi, M., Houshfar, E., Ashjaee, M., "Development of Hybrid Cooling Method with PCM and Al2O3 Nanofluid in Aluminium Minichannels Using Heat Source Model of Li-Ion Batteries", Applied Thermal Engineering. Vol. 178, P. 115543, (2020).
13. Qian, Z., Li, Y., Rao, Z., "Thermal Performance of Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Management System by Using Mini-Channel Cooling", Energy Conversion and Management. Vol. 126, pp. 622-631, (2016).
14. Sato, N., "Thermal Behavior Analysis of Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles", Journal of power sources. 99, No. 1-2, pp. 70-77, (2001).
15. Fang, G., Huang, Y., Yuan, W., Yang, Y., Tang, Y., Ju, W., Chu, F., Zhao, Z., "Thermal Management for a Tube–Shell Li-Ion Battery Pack Using Water Evaporation Coupled with Forced Air Cooling", RSC advances, Vol. 9, pp. 9951-9961, (2019).
16. Mohammadian, SK., Zhang, Y., "Thermal Management Optimization of an Air-Cooled Li-Ion Battery Module Using Pin-Fin Heat Sinks for Hybrid Electric Vehicles", Journal of Power Sources. Vol. 273, pp. 431-439, (2015).
17. Park, H., "A Design of Air Flow Configuration for Cooling Lithium Ion Battery in Hybrid Electric Vehicles", Journal of power sources, Vol. 239, pp. 30-36, (2013).
18. Schmalstieg J, Käbitz S, Ecker M, Sauer DU, "From Accelerated Aging Tests to a Lifetime Prediction Model: Analyzing Lithium-Ion Batteries", in Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exhibition (EVS27), DOI: 1109/EVS.2013.6914753, IEEE, pp. 1-12, (2013).
19. Wu, MS., Liu, KH., Wang, YY., Wan, CC., "Heat Dissipation Design for Lithium-Ion Batteries", Journal of power sources. 109, No. 1, pp. 160-166, (2002).
20. Nelson, P., Dees, D., Amine, K., Henriksen, G., "Modeling Thermal Management of Lithium-Ion PNGV Batteries", Journal of Power Sources., 110, No. 2, pp. 349-356, (2002).
21. Karimi, G., Li, X., "Thermal Management of Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles", International Journal of Energy Research, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 13-24, (2013).
22. Zhao, J., Rao, Z., Li, Y., "Thermal Performance of Minichannel Liquid Cooled Cylinder Based Battery Thermal Management for Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Power Battery", Energy conversion and management, Vol. 103, pp. 157-165, (2015).
23. Al-Rashed, AA., Shahsavar, A., Rasooli, O., Moghimi, MA., Karimipour, A., Tran, MD., "Numerical Assessment into the Hydrothermal and Entropy Generation Characteristics of Biological Water-Silver Nano-Fluid in a Wavy Walled Microchannel Heat Sink", International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 104, pp. 118-126, (2019).
24. Zheng, J., Xu, Y., Gao, X., Zheng, J., He, H., Li, Z., "Transient Thermal Behavior of Internal Short-circuit in Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery", International Journal of electrochemical Science, 13, pp. 11620-11635, (2018).
25. Sarafraz MM, Hormozi FJ., "Intensification of Forced Convection Heat Transfer Using Biological Nanofluid in a Double-Pipe Heat Exchanger", Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, Vol. 66, pp. 279-289, (2015).
26. Bejan, A., "Advanced Engineering Thermodynamics", John Wiley & Sons, pp. 96-130, (2016).
27. Sui, Y., Lee, PS., Teo, CJ., "An Experimental Study of Flow Friction and Heat Transfer in Wavy Microchannels with Rectangular Cross Section", International journal of thermal sciences, Vol. 50, 12, pp. 2473-2482, (2011).