Reducing the stress shield in the femur using hip prostheses made of functionally graded materials

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Hastyar Jalilzadeh ¹

Akbar Allahverdizadeh ²

Behnam Dadashzadeh ²

¹ University of Tabriz

² Department of Mechatronics Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

10.22067/jacsm.2024.85554.1218

Abstract

Total hip joint replacement has problems, one of the most important of which is the stress shield phenomenon and weak bone growth. When the modulus of elasticity of the prosthesis is higher than that of the bone, most of the physiological load is transferred to the implant and the bone deteriorates. The solution to minimize it and strengthen bone growth is to use materials with elasticity modulus close to bone for prosthesis, and functionally graded materials (FGM) with porosity have shown better results than other materials. In this article, the model of cylinder and prosthesis based on ISO 7206-4 and the model of prosthesis and bone are used, and the results of applied stresses, stiffness of prostheses, and micromovements between prosthesis and bone are analyzed by the finite element method. The superiority of this study compared to previous studies is the use of prosthetic and cylinder models for different geometries and the investigation of micromovements and its effect on bone growth. The results show that the use of porous FGM prostheses for each different prosthesis geometry is effective in reducing the stress shield and bone growth.

Keywords

Femoral prosthesis

functionally graded materials

porosity

stress shielding

finite element method

micromotion

Subjects

• Bio mechanics

---

References

 [1] D. Garrison, “Osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and exercise,” Workplace Health & Safety, vol. 60, no. 9, pp. 381-383, (2012).

[2]  P. Kannus, J. Parkkari, H. Sievänen, A. Heinonen, I. Vuori, M. Järvinen, “Epidemiology of hip fractures,” Bone, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. S57-S63, (1996).

 [3] C. O. Yenusah, “Finite Element Study on the Influence of Bone-Implant Interface Condition on Femoral Fracture after Cementless Total Hip Replacement,” Mississippi State University, pp, 6-7, (2017).

 [4] A. Eshra, An experimental set up to investigate non-invasive detection of hip prosthesis loosening, (2004).

[5] S. Arabnejad, B. Johnston, M. Tanzer, D. Pasini, “Fully porous 3^D printed titanium femoral stem to reduce stress-shielding following total hip arthroplasty,” Journal Orthop Research, vol. 35, no. 8, pp. 1774-1783, (2017).

[6] Y. Wang, S. Arabnejad, M. Tanzer, D. Pasini, “Hip Implant Design With Three-Dimensional Porous Architecture of Optimized Graded Density,” Journal of Mechanical Design, vol. 140, no. 11, pp. , (2018).

[7] M. Rezaee, N. Sharafkhani, A. Ch. Khoei, “Electrostatically Actuated FGM Microgripper under the Effect of Thermal Moment,” Journal of Applied and Computational Sciences in Mechanics, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 65-80, (2012).

[8] A. A. Oshkour, N. A. Osman, M. Bayat, R. Afshar, F. Berto, “Three-dimensional finite element analyses of functionally graded femoral prostheses with different geometrical configurations,” Materials & Design (1980-2015), vol. 56, no. pp. 998-1008, (2014).

[9] H. S. Hedia, M. A. N. Shabara, T. T. El-Midany, N. Fouda, “A method of material optimization of cementless stem through functionally graded material,” International Journal of Mechanics and Materials in Design, vol. 1, no. pp. 329-346, (2004).

[10] H. Mehboob, F. Tarlochan, A. Mehboob, S-H. Chang, S. Ramesh, W. S. W. Harun, K. Kadirgama, “A novel design, analysis and 3D printing of Ti-6Al-4V alloy bio-inspired porous femoral stem,” Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, vol. 31, no. pp. 1-14, (2020).

[11] F. Tarlochan, H. Mehboob, A. Mehboob, S-H. Chang, “Influence of functionally graded pores on bone ingrowth in cementless hip prosthesis: a finite element study using mechano-regulatory algorithm,” Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 701-716, (2018).

[11] N. F. Al Zoubi, F. Tarlochan, H. Mehboob, F. Jarrar, “Design of Titanium Alloy Femoral Stem Cellular Structure for Stress Shielding and Stem Stability: Computational Analysis,” Applied Sciences, vol. 12, no. 3, p. 1548, (2022).

[13] A. L. Sabatini, T. Goswami, “Hip implants VII: Finite element analysis and optimization of cross-sections,” Materials & Design, vol. 29, no. 7, pp. 1438-1446, (2008).

[14] H. Gong, L. Kong, R. Zhang, J. Fang, M. Zhao, “A Femur-Implant Model for the Prediction of Bone Remodeling Behavior Induced by Cementless Stem,” Journal of Bionic Engineering, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 350-358, (2013).

[15] T. A. Enab, “Performance improvement of total knee replacement joint through bidirectional functionally graded material,” International Journal of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering IJMME-IJENS, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 104-113, (2014).

 [16] N. AL Zoubi, N. F. Khaled, “Design of fully porous functionally graded TI-6AL-4V femoral stem for stress shielding and implants stability,” Qatar University, vol. no. pp.51-73, (2022).

[17] D. Tarzjani, M. A. Nazari, M. Mahjoub, “Investigating the effect of tibia bone heterogeneity on natural frequency using modal test and finite element modeling,” Journal of Applied and Computational Sciences in Mechanics, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 77-96, (2023).

[18] A. S. Arnold, S. S. Blemker, S. L. Delp, “Evaluation of a deformable musculoskeletal model for estimating muscle–tendon lengths during crouch gait,” Annals of Biomedical Engineering, vol. 29, no. pp. 263-274, (2001).

[19] T. A. Enab, N. Fouda, I. Eldesouky, “Comparison of Functionally Graded Hip Stem Implants with‎ Various Second-Generation Titanium Alloys,” Journal of Applied and Computational Mechanics, vol. 7, no.3, pp. 1315-1323, (2020).

[20] K. Hazlehurst, C. J. Wang, M. Stanford, “Evaluation of the stiffness characteristics of square pore CoCrMo cellular structures manufactured using laser melting technology for potential orthopaedic applications,” Materials & Design, vol. 51, pp. 949-955, (2013).

[21] S. Limmahakhun, A. Oloyede, K. Sitthiseripratip, Y. Xiao, C. Yan, “Stiffness and strength tailoring of cobalt chromium graded cellular structures for stress-shielding reduction,” Materials & Design, vol. 114, pp. 633-641, (2017).

[22] S. E. Alkhatib, F. Tarlochan, H. Mehboob, R. Singh, K. Kadirgama, W. S. B. W. Harun, “Finite element study of functionally graded porous femoral stems incorporating body‐centered cubic structure,” Artificial Organs, vol. 43, no. 7, pp. E152-E164, (2019).